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課程名稱 |
替代性兒童福利服務
Substitute Care in Child Welfare |
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開課學期 |
106-2 |
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授課對象 |
社會科學院 社會工作學系 |
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授課教師 |
林敬軒 |
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課號 |
SW5030 |
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課程識別碼 |
330 U1120 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3.0 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
選修 |
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上課時間 |
星期五2,3,4(9:10~12:10) |
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上課地點 |
社205 |
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備註 |
限學士班三年級以上
總人數上限：25人
外系人數限制：4人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1062SW5030_ |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
聯合國於1989年通過《兒童權利公約》（Convention on the Rights of the Child, CRC），為具法律約束力的國際公約，保障兒童公民、政治、經濟、社會和文化等權利，並規範有關兒童事務或決策，均應以兒童最佳利益（the best interests of the child）為優先考量。台灣亦於2014年通過兒童權利公約施行法，賦予CRC國內法律效力，並要求未來法令制定和機關職權均遵守此國際基礎標準，保障兒童少年基本人權。
本課程為大學部高年級及研究所的選修課程。主要目的在從兒童最佳利益的觀點出發，介紹同學兒童福利體系寄養安置、收出養兒童的相關權利和議題，使同學對於兒童少年福利服務中的替代性服務有初步認識。本課程尤其著重檢視現行國際和台灣兒童寄養和安置的服務模式，從兒童權利概念探討其脈絡、價值以及執行現況。上課方式為教師授課為主，並搭配時事及案例討論，培養同學對於兒童福利服務相關議題的敏感度，並探索自我和專業價值的養成與議題的相關性。透過課堂和課後討論與反思，培養同學思辨能力，發展同學投入兒少福利、家庭服務領域工作的興趣、熱忱和行動力。
本課程設計分為三個階段：第一階段，主要介紹基本兒童福利概念和福利服務理論，包括兒童權利公約、兒童最佳利益、兒少福利服務三級預防、兒童福利體系發展等。第二階段，介紹替代性兒童福利制度和服務，包括家庭寄養、親屬寄養、團體寄養、機構安置、青少年自立方案、國內與國際收出養等。第三階段，討論替代性照顧中兒童的相關議題，包括返家重聚（reunification）、永續（permanency）、安置中虐待、問題行為與矯治、物質濫用、身心理疾病、安置兒少復原力、多元文化認同與服務等。
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課程目標 |
1. 了解兒童權利和最佳利益的概念
2. 了解兒童少年福利服務的發展趨勢和理論基礎
3. 學習替代性兒童福利服務的制度和服務模式
4. 探討寄養安置、收出養中的議題，以及檢視相關實證研究與文獻
5. 培養分析和批判替代性兒童福利服務相關議題的能力
6. 探索自我價值以及了解自我價值與寄養安置、收出養議題可能的衝突
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課程要求 |
1. 課前準備：請同學務必在課前完成指定閱讀，並瀏覽延伸閱讀文章。期待同學將課前閱讀過程中習得的知識、心得、疑問，帶入課堂討論中。
2. 課後實踐：課程期待同學能將課堂所學知識技能延續到課後，老師會依主題出課後生活小作業，鼓勵同學在網路討論版上與同學、老師做分享、討論、反饋。
3. 時事追蹤：期待同學能關注兒少福利相關新聞時事議題，並於網路討論版提出疑問和討論，於課堂上針對各週主題佐以時事實證。
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
每週四 16:00~17:00 備註： 或來信另約時間 |
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指定閱讀 |
每週指定期刊論文與補充網路資源。 |
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參考書目 |
每週參考期刊論文與補充網路資源。 |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
課程出席與參與 |
15% |
同學務必準時出席上課，課前閱讀各週指定閱讀教材，上課積極參與小組和課堂討論和活動，課後於ceiba網路討論版上交流提問。課程參與評量會參考出席率、課堂發言率、小組討論積極度、網路討論版參與程度。 |
2. |
閱讀提問 |
10% |
同學於當週上課12小時前（即週四晚上9點前），於ceiba討論版上傳針對指定或延伸閱讀的提問，每次上傳至少2個具體問題。問題可針對文章內容、批判議題、或個人經驗差異等。一學期至少上傳3次。 |
3. |
閱讀檢視 |
30% |
同學一學期須撰寫2次文章閱讀檢視，每次針對一篇或以上指定或延伸閱讀做批判性檢視。同學可先摘要挑選文章，針對文章做評估、批判、提問，亦可融合個人實習或實務經驗或整合其他學術文獻或網路資源。作業評分依據同學理解閱讀程度，自我覺察與相關議題的連結，以及整合閱讀、反思、經驗的深度。檢視的重點可針對研究方法、研究成果、與台灣現況差異等做批判或提問。閱讀檢視內容不局限於上述內容。
閱讀檢視以word檔撰寫，篇幅以2-4頁、1.5倍行距（不包含封面頁和參考資資料）、最大12號字為限。每份作業需加入封面頁和參考資料頁，並正確使用APA格式。於當週上課前上傳至ceiba作業區，以系統時間戳記為原則。請同學即早完成繳交，避免系統的問題。不接受遲交作業，亦不接受紙本或手寫繳交。 |
4. |
團體主題口頭報告 |
20% |
同學於學期初分組，每組2-3人（視修課人數而定），選定一第二三階段課程主題（第7至16週），針對主題設計30-50分鐘口頭報告，報告形式不拘，可使用學術文獻、影片、討論、活動、遊戲等方式，向全班同學介紹當週主題。各分組於報告前一週與老師諮詢進行方式以及可能需要的協助。
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5. |
個人主題書面報告 |
25% |
同學挑選一寄養安置或收出養兒童議題，做深入探討，撰寫一份陳情書，於期末繳交。報告內容包括定義議題、議題重要性、相關數據、現行狀況以及大眾或專家意見、分析各種討論結果或政策的利與弊、提出未來建議方向。此報告可作為一項陳情或整合報告書，所以撰寫報告同時，指出你想對誰說明此問題（也就是陳情對象，如立法者、行政者、民意代表、候選人、社福機構管理階層等），期待有什麼樣的改變。報告除表達自己想法外，亦須佐以相關文獻。
報告篇幅以7-9頁、1.5倍行距（不包含封面頁和參考資資料）為限、最大12號字為限。每份作業需加入封面頁和參考資料頁，並正確使用APA格式。於期末考週前上傳至ceiba，以系統時間戳記為原則。請同學即早完成繳交，避免系統的問題。不接受遲交作業，亦不接受紙本或手寫繳交。
建議頁數與內容：
1. 前言（3頁）
1) 為什麼這議題很重要？（包括定義議題、引用數據、若不重視可能結果）
2) 陳述現行狀況和趨勢/意見（可引用新聞報導佐證專家和大眾意見、列舉法條或政策）
2. 分析（3頁）（可與建議部分合寫4~6頁）
針對上述討論提出個人分析，可列點評估優缺，或引用國內外文獻支持論述
3. 建議（3頁）
針對上述分析提出具體建議，建議方向須符合陳情對象角色
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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第1週 |
3/02 |
第1週：課程介紹與規劃
說明：介紹課程目標、授課方式、評分標準、課程期待。老師與同學互相認識，了解對此課程的期待與付出。簡述兒童權利公約的沿革與意義。
指定閱讀：
1. 衛生福利部社會及家庭署兒童權利公約網頁：https://www.sfaa.gov.tw/SFAA/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=76
延伸閱讀：略
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第2週 |
3/09 |
第2週：兒童最佳利益（Best interests of the child）
說明：介紹兒童權利、兒童最佳利益、童年負向經驗（兒童虐待與疏忽）。社會對於兒童權利概念的價值為何？為什麼我們要重視兒童最佳利益和預防兒虐等議題？
指定閱讀：
1. Fang, X., Brown, D. S., Florence, C. S., & Mercy, J. A. (2012). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States and implications for prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(2), 156-165.
2. Lundy, L. (2014). United Nations convention on the rights of the child and child well-being. In Handbook of child well-being (pp. 2439-2462). Springer Netherlands.
3. Scherrer, J. L. (2012). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as policy and strategy for social work action in child welfare in the United States. Social Work, 57(1), 11-22.
延伸閱讀：
1. Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C. H., Perry, B. D., ... & Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174-186.
2. Arts, K. (2014). Twenty-five years of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Achievements and challenges. Netherlands International Law Review, 61(3), 267-303.
3. Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2014). Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: Implications for practice and health policy. Social Work in Public Health, 29(1), 1-16.
4. Lundy, L., McEvoy, L., & Byrne, B. (2011). Working with young children as co-researchers: An approach informed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Early Education & Development, 22(5), 714-736.
5. Pecora et al. (2012). The child welfare challenge: Policy, practice, and research. Chapter 5 Child Maltreatment Types, Rates, and Reporting Procedures pp. 119-148.
6. 劉晏齊（2016）。為什麼要保護未成年人？兒少福利、法律與歷史的分析。政大法學評論，147，83-157。
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第3週 |
3/16 |
第3週：兒童少年福利服務：替代性服務（Substitute care services）
說明：介紹兒童少年福利服務發展與趨勢，以及兒少保護三級預防概念。討論兒童保護與家庭維繫概念下的兒童最佳利益。探討以保護兒童安全為主要目的的替代性服務，討論安置的原因和決策過程，以及替代性服務作為一種兒童虐待的處遇服務。
指定閱讀：
1. Leber, C., & LeCroy, C. W. (2012). Public perception of the foster care system: A national study. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(9), 1633-1638.
2. Lindsey, D. (1994). Family preservation and child protection: Striking a balance. Children and Youth Services Review, 16(5-6), 279-294.
3. 彭淑華等。(2015)。兒童福利－理論與實務。。臺北：華都文化。第一章，兒童福利的意涵與歷史發展 pp. 3-24.
延伸閱讀：
1. 彭淑華（2007）。“寧缺毋濫”？“寧濫毋缺”？兒童少年保護工作人員機構安置決策困境之研究。中華心理衛生學刊，20(2)，127-154。
2. Pecora et al. (2012). The child welfare challenge: Policy, practice, and research. pp. 5-22.
3. Pösö, T., & Laakso, R. (2016). Matching children and substitute homes: some theoretical and empirical notions. Child & Family Social Work, 21(3), 307-316.
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第4週 |
3/23 |
第4週：誰是寄養兒童？
說明：討論帶離（removal）和安置（placement）對於兒童及原生家庭的影響。探討寄養和安置的兒童特質以及福祉發展，以及相關的危險和保護因子。
指定閱讀：
1. Afifi, T. O., & MacMillan, H. L. (2011). Resilience following child maltreatment: A review of protective factors. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 266-272.
2. Dunn, D. M., Culhane, S. E., & Taussig, H. N. (2010). Children's appraisals of their experiences in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1324-1330.
3. Petrenko, C. L., Friend, A., Garrido, E. F., Taussig, H. N., & Culhane, S. E. (2012). Does subtype matter? Assessing the effects of maltreatment on functioning in preadolescent youth in out-of-home care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(9), 633-644.
延伸閱讀：
1. 黃錦敦、卓紋君（2006）。受虐少年接受寄養安置適應之分析研究。輔導與諮商學報，28(1)，51-72。
2. Bessell, S. (2011). Participation in decision-making in out-of-home care in Australia: What do young people say?. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(4), 496-501.
3. Cheung, C., Goodman, D., Leckie, G., & Jenkins, J. M. (2011). Understanding contextual effects on externalizing behaviors in children in out-of-home care: Influence of workers and foster families. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 2050-2060.
4. Font, S., & Maguire-Jack, K. (2013). Academic engagement and performance: Estimating the impact of out-of-home care for maltreated children. Children and youth services review, 35(5), 856-864.
5. Lightfoot, E., Hill, K., & LaLiberte, T. (2011). Prevalence of children with disabilities in the child welfare system and out of home placement: An examination of administrative records. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2069-2075.
6. Raviv, T., Taussig, H. N., Culhane, S. E., & Garrido, E. F. (2010). Cumulative risk exposure and mental health symptoms among maltreated youth placed in out-of-home care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(10), 742-751.
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第5週 |
3/30 |
第5週：寄養安置實證研究與理論模型
說明：討論寄養安置的形式、穩定（stability）、中斷（placement disruption），以及相關的實證研究成果。介紹寄養安置與兒童福利體系議題的相關理論模型，如依附理論、生態系統、社會資本、復原力模型等。
指定閱讀：
1. Helton, J. J. (2011). Children with behavioral, non-behavioral, and multiple disabilities, and the risk of out-of-home placement disruption. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(11), 956-964.
2. McLean, S., Riggs, D., Kettler, L., & Delfabbro, P. (2013). Challenging behaviour in out‐of‐home care: use of attachment ideas in practice. Child & Family Social Work, 18(3), 243-252.
3. Stott, T., & Gustavsson, N. (2010). Balancing permanency and stability for youth in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 619-625.
延伸閱讀：
1. 李星瑤（2006）。兒童家庭寄養安置中斷的避免－從三類角色及社會支持系統角度分析。理論界，12，122-123。
2. Aarons, G. A., James, S., Monn, A. R., Raghavan, R., Wells, R. S., & Leslie, L. K. (2010). Behavior problems and placement change in a national child welfare sample: A prospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(1), 70-80.
3. Avery, R. J. (2010). An examination of theory and promising practice for achieving permanency for teens before they age out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), 399-408.
4. Blakey, J. M., Leathers, S. J., Lawler, M., Washington, T., Natschke, C., Strand, T., & Walton, Q. (2012). A review of how states are addressing placement stability. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(2), 369-378.
5. Christiansen, Ø., Havik, T., & Anderssen, N. (2010). Arranging stability for children in long-term out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7), 913-921.
6. Leve, L. D., Harold, G. T., Chamberlain, P., Landsverk, J. A., Fisher, P. A., & Vostanis, P. (2012). Practitioner review: children in foster care–vulnerabilities and evidence‐based interventions that promote resilience processes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(12), 1197-1211.
7. Sen, R., & Broadhurst, K. (2011). Contact between children in out‐of‐home placements and their family and friends networks: a research review. Child & Family Social Work, 16(3), 298-309.
8. Unrau, Y., Chambers, R., Seita, J., & Putney, K. (2010). Defining a foster care placement move: The perspective of adults who formerly lived in multiple out-of-home placements. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 91(4), 426-432.
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第6週 |
3/31 |
原補課4/6，但不上課。各分組可與老師約晤談時間，討論主題口頭報告進行方式。
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第7週 |
4/13 |
第7週：寄養安置服務 (I)：家庭寄養（Foster family）
說明：介紹家庭寄養形式，寄養家庭的招募、維持、訓練以及分級。討論寄養家庭的優缺點以及可能造成兒童正負向的福祉發展。討論寄養家庭中相關議題，如親職教養、依附關係、寄養家庭結構與價值等。
指定閱讀：
1. 余祥雲（2011）。寄養家庭對受虐兒童的影響。諮商與輔導，30，37-42。
2. Brown, J. D., Anderson, L., & Rodgers, J. (2014). Needs of foster parent resource workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 120-127.
3. Friedman, L. (2017). Shortage of Foster Parents: An Exploratory Study of the Attrition of Prospective Foster Parents During the Licensing Process.
4. Ponciano, L. (2010). Attachment in foster care: The role of maternal sensitivity, adoption, and foster mother experience. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 27(2), 97-114.
延伸閱讀：
1. 楊倫潔、羅幼瓊（2013）。寄養家庭親子互動與支持系統之研究－寄養父親的觀點。聯合勸募論壇，3，97-119。
2. 顏姿吟、廖鳳池（2012）。人母難為？一位從事寄養服務母親之敘說研究。中華輔導與諮商學報，32，85-121。
3. Cooley, M. E., & Petren, R. E. (2011). Foster parent perceptions of competency: Implications for foster parent training. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1968-1974.
4. Crum, W. (2010). Foster parent parenting characteristics that lead to increased placement stability or disruption. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(2), 185-190.
5. Dorsey, S., Conover, K. L., & Revillion Cox, J. (2014). Improving foster parent engagement: Using qualitative methods to guide tailoring of evidence-based engagement strategies. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43(6), 877-889.
6. Kelly, W., & Salmon, K. (2014). Helping foster parents understand the foster child’s perspective: A relational learning framework for foster care. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 19(4), 535-547.
7. Rork, K. E., & McNeil, C. B. (2011). Evaluation of foster parent training programs: A critical review. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 33(2), 139-170.
8. Taylor, B. J., & McQuillan, K. (2014). Perspectives of foster parents and social workers on foster placement disruption. Child Care in Practice, 20(2), 232-249.
9. Testa, M., Bruhn, C. M., & Helton, J. (2010). Comparative safety, stability, and continuity of children's placements in formal and informal substitute care. In Child welfare and child well-being: New perspectives from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Oxford University Press.
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第8週 |
4/20 |
第8週：寄養安置服務 (II)：親屬寄養（Kinship care）
說明：介紹親屬寄養家庭形式，討論親屬寄養及非親屬寄養家庭的差異，以及文化脈絡下的親屬寄養模式。探討台灣現行親屬寄養制度的推行與限制。
指定閱讀：
1. 余漢儀（2005）。親屬寄養之迷思：家族責任抑或國家分擔。社會政策與社會工作學刊，9(2)，1-30。
2. Font, S. A. (2014). Kinship and nonrelative foster care: The effect of placement type on child well‐being. Child development, 85(5), 2074-2090.
3. Hong, J. S., Algood, C. L., Chiu, Y. L., & Lee, S. A. P. (2011). An ecological understanding of kinship foster care in the United States. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(6), 863-872.
4. Lin, C. H. (2014). Evaluating services for kinship care families: A systematic review. Children and youth services review, 36, 32-41.
延伸閱讀：
1. Koh, E. (2010). Permanency outcomes of children in kinship and non-kinship foster care: Testing the external validity of kinship effects. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), 389-398.
2. Hegar, R. L., & Rosenthal, J. A. (2011). Foster children placed with or separated from siblings: Outcomes based on a national sample. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1245-1253.
3. Holtan, A., Handegard, B. H., Thornblad, R., & Vis, S. A. (2013). Placement disruption in long-term kinship and nonkinship foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(7), 1087-1094.
4. McCormick, A. (2010). Siblings in foster care: An overview of research, policy, and practice. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 4(2), 198-218.
5. O’Brien, V. (2012). The benefits and challenges of kinship care. Child Care in Practice, 18(2), 127-146.
6. Vanschoonlandt, F., Vanderfaeillie, J., Van Holen, F., De Maeyer, S., & Andries, C. (2012). Kinship and non-kinship foster care: Differences in contact with parents and foster child's mental health problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(8), 1533-1539.
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第9週 |
4/27 |
第9週：寄養安置服務 (III)：機構安置（Residential care / Congregate care）
說明：介紹機構安置的形式，討論機構安置常見的議題以及機構單位員工的挑戰。探討機構安置對於兒童的影響。
指定閱讀：
1. 陳怡芳、林怡君、胡中宜（2014）。復原力增進方案在少女安置機構之應用與反思。中華輔導與諮商學報，41，93-121。
2. Chow, W. Y., Mettrick, J. E., Stephan, S. H., & Von Waldner, C. A. (2014). Youth in group home care: Youth characteristics and predictors of later functioning. The journal of behavioral health services & research, 41(4), 503-519.
3. Dregan, A., & Gulliford, M. C. (2012). Foster care, residential care and public care placement patterns are associated with adult life trajectories: population-based cohort study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 47(9), 1517-1526.
4. McCrae, J. S., Lee, B. R., Barth, R. E., & Rauktis, M. E. (2010). Comparing three years of well-being outcomes for youth in group care and nonkinship foster care. Child Welfare, 89(2), 229-249.
延伸閱讀：
1. 陳怡芳、胡中宜（2014）。兒少手足共同安置於團體家庭之工作經驗探討。臺灣社會工作學刊，13，39-68。
2. 陳怡芳、胡中宜、邱郁茹、李淑沛（2013）。安置機構少女自力生活能力培育方案之反思與回饋：輔導人員之觀點。朝陽人文社會學刊，11(1)，29-67。
3. Brown, S. M., Baker, C. N., & Wilcox, P. (2012). Risking connection trauma training: A pathway toward trauma-informed care in child congregate care settings. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(5), 507-515.
4. Collin-Vézina, D., Coleman, K., Milne, L., Sell, J., & Daigneault, I. (2011). Trauma experiences, maltreatment-related impairments, and resilience among child welfare youth in residential care. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 577-589.
5. Dozier, M., Kaufman, J., Kobak, R., O'connor, T. G., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Scott, S., ... & Zeanah, C. H. (2014). Consensus statement on group care for children and adolescents: A statement of policy of the American Orthopsychiatric Association. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(3), 219.
6. James, S., Alemi, Q., & Zepeda, V. (2013). Effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based practices in residential care settings. Children and youth services review, 35(4), 642-656.
7. Lee, B. R., Shaw, T. V., Gove, B., & Hwang, J. (2010). Transitioning from group care to family care: Child welfare worker assessments. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1770-1777.
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第10週 |
5/04 |
第10週：寄養安置服務 (IV)：青少年自立方案（Independent living planning）
說明：討論即將成年的寄養青少年的危險與保護因子，檢視實證研究對於此族群的研究成果，探討現行青少年自立方案是否能有效準備寄養青少年步入成年階段，或是有效預防成年後可能會有的相關議題，如貧窮、偏差行為、物質濫用等。
指定閱讀：
1. Goodkind, S., Schelbe, L. A., & Shook, J. J. (2011). Why youth leave care: Understandings of adulthood and transition successes and challenges among youth aging out of child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6), 1039-1048.
2. Havlicek, J., Lin, C. H., & Braun, M. T. (2016). Cultivating youth voice through participation in a Foster youth advisory board: Perspectives of facilitators. Children and Youth Services Review, 69, 1-10.
3. Munro, E. R., Pinkerton, J., Mendes, P., Hyde-Dryden, G., Herczog, M., & Benbenishty, R. (2011). The contribution of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to understanding and promoting the interests of young people making the transition from care to adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), 2417-2423.
延伸閱讀：
1. Blakeslee, J. (2012). Expanding the scope of research with transition‐age foster youth: Applications of the social network perspective. Child & Family Social Work, 17(3), 326-336.
2. Cunningham, M. J., & Diversi, M. (2013). Aging out: Youths’ perspectives on foster care and the transition to independence. Qualitative Social Work, 12(5), 587-602.
3. Collins, M. E., Spencer, R., & Ward, R. (2010). Supporting youth in the transition from foster care: Formal and informal connections. Child Welfare, 89(1), 125.
4. Jones, L. (2011). The first three years after foster care: A longitudinal look at the adaptation of 16 youth to emerging adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1919-1929.
5. Lee, C., & Berrick, J. D. (2014). Experiences of youth who transition to adulthood out of care: Developing a theoretical framework. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 78-84.
6. McCammon, S. L. (2012). Systems of Care as Asset‐Building Communities: Implementing Strengths‐Based Planning and Positive Youth Development. American journal of community psychology, 49(3-4), 556-565.
7. Mendes, P., Johnson, G., & Moslehuddin, B. (2011). Young people leaving state out-of-home care. Melbourne, VIC: Australian Scholarly Publishing.
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第11週 |
5/11 |
第11週：機構參訪
說明：參訪「未來咖啡」，更生少年關懷協會616少年夢工廠
指定閱讀：略（請同學自行蒐集相關資訊，參訪時準備問題）
延伸閱讀：略
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第12週 |
5/18 |
第12週：收出養服務（domestic and intercountry adoption）
說明：介紹國內及國際收出養制度與流程，討論在多方利益個人或團體涉入的制度中，各方的需求與考量如何影響收出養的決定和兒童福祉發展。
指定閱讀：
1. 賴月蜜（2016）。收養新制下被收兒童權益保護新議題之探討。社區發展季刊，156期，113-126。
2. Ge, X., Natsuaki, M. N., Martin, D. M., Leve, L. D., Neiderhiser, J. M., Shaw, D. S., ... & Reiss, D. (2008). Bridging the divide: openness in adoption and postadoption psychosocial adjustment among birth and adoptive parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 529-540.
延伸閱讀：
1. 白麗芳、何祐寧（2014）。臺灣收出養法令變革與現況。萬國法律，193(2)，11-22。
2. 林民凱（2014）。我國收養制度評估服務執行問題之研究。止善，16，85-101。
3. Fronek, P., & Cuthbert, D. (2012). The future of inter‐country adoption: A paradigm shift for this century. International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(2), 215-224.
4. Liao, M. (2016). Factors affecting post-permanency adjustment for children in adoption or guardianship placements: An ecological systems analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 66, 131-143.
5. Ishizawa, H., & Kubo, K. (2014). Factors affecting adoption decisions: Child and parental characteristics. journal of Family Issues, 35(5), 627-653.
6. Mariscal, E. S., Akin, B. A., Lieberman, A. A., & Washington, D. (2015). Exploring the path from foster care to stable and lasting adoption: Perceptions of foster care alumni. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 111-120.
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第13週 |
5/25 |
第13週：寄養安置議題 (I)：多元文化認同與服務
說明：討論寄養安置體系中多元文化的議題，如不同群體對於寄養或安置的價值，文化背景如何決定安置的決策，以及兒少福利服務如何融合多元文化觀點，以滿足多元文化兒童和家庭的需求。
指定閱讀：
1. Carter, V. B. (2010). Factors predicting placement of urban American Indian/Alaskan Natives into out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(5), 657-663.
2. Drake, B., Jolley, J. M., Lanier, P., Fluke, J., Barth, R. P., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2011). Racial bias in child protection? A comparison of competing explanations using national data. Pediatrics, 127(3), 471-478.
3. Long, M., & Sephton, R. (2011). Rethinking the “best interests” of the child: Voices from Aboriginal child and family welfare practitioners. Australian Social Work, 64(1), 96-112.
延伸閱讀：
1. Anyon, Y. (2011). Reducing racial disparities and disproportionalities in the child welfare system: Policy perspectives about how to serve the best interests of African American youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), 242-253.
2. Ayon, C., & Aisenberg, E. (2010). Negotiating cultural values and expectations within the public child welfare system: A look at familismo and personalismo. Child & Family Social Work, 15(3), 335-344.
3. Castle, H., Knight, E., & Watters, C. (2011). Ethnic identity as a protective factor for looked after and adopted children from ethnic minority groups: A critical review of the literature. Adoption Quarterly, 14(4), 305-325.
4. Dettlaff, A. J., & Rycraft, J. R. (2010). Factors contributing to disproportionality in the child welfare system: Views from the legal community. Social Work, 55(3), 213-224.
5. Filbert, K. M., & Flynn, R. J. (2010). Developmental and cultural assets and resilient outcomes in First Nations young people in care: An initial test of an explanatory model. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), 560-564.
6. Jewell, J. D., Brown, D. L., Smith, G., & Thompson, R. (2010). Examining the influence of caregiver ethnicity on youth placed in out of home care: Ethnicity matters–for some. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1278-1284.
7. Johnson, F. L., Mickelson, S., & Davila, M. L. (2013). Transracial foster care and adoption: Issues and realities. New England Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 1-14.
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第14週 |
6/01 |
第14週：寄養安置議題 (II)：寄養家庭和安置機構內不當對待（maltreatment in care）
說明：討論兒童於寄養家庭和安置機構遭受虐待或疏忽的議題。了解寄養安置虐待對於兒童、原生家庭、寄養安置單位的影響，探討不同層面（如督導、政策等）對於此問題的預防和處遇，培養同學批判現行體制的能力，以及提供現行制度改革建議。
指定閱讀：
1. 彭淑華（2007）。機構安置：保護他（她）？傷害他（她）？－兒童少年保護工作人員眼中之機構虐待圖像。東吳社會工作學報，16，1-36。
2. Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2014). Out of home placement to promote safety? The prevalence of physical abuse in residential and foster care. Children and youth services review, 37, 64-70.
3. Taussig, H. N., & Culhane, S. E. (2010). Emotional maltreatment and psychosocial functioning in preadolescent youth placed in out-of-home care. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(1), 52-74.
延伸閱讀：
1. Benedict, M. I., Zuravin, S., Brandt, D., & Abbey, H. (1994). Types and frequency of child maltreatment by family foster care providers in an urban population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18(7), 577-585.
2. Biehal, N., & Parry, E. (2010). Maltreatment and allegations of maltreatment in foster care: a review of the evidence. York, UK: Social Policy Research Unit, University of York.
3. Collin-Vézina, D., Coleman, K., Milne, L., Sell, J., & Daigneault, I. (2011). Trauma experiences, maltreatment-related impairments, and resilience among child welfare youth in residential care. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 577-589.
4. Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2013). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out-of-home care: A comparison between abuse in residential and in foster care. Child maltreatment, 18(4), 221-231.
5. Jonson-Reid, M. (2003). Foster care and future risk of maltreatment. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(4), 271-294.
6. Zuravin, S. J., Benedict, M., & Somerfield, M. (1993). Child maltreatment in family foster care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 63(4), 589.
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第15週 |
6/08 |
第15週：寄養安置議題 (III)：身心理疾病、偏差行為、物質濫用
說明：討論兒童於寄養家庭或安置機構常見的負向福祉發展，如身心理疾病、偏差行為、物質濫用等，並探討相關的危險及保護因子，檢視現行處遇方案和服務。了解此議題對於兒童發展和社會資源整合的影響，提供未來可行建議。
指定閱讀：
1. Aarons, G. A., James, S., Monn, A. R., Raghavan, R., Wells, R. S., & Leslie, L. K. (2010). Behavior problems and placement change in a national child welfare sample: A prospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(1), 70-80.
2. McLaughlin, K. A., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2012). Attachment security as a mechanism linking foster care placement to improved mental health outcomes in previously institutionalized children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(1), 46-55.
延伸閱讀：
1. Greeson, J. K., Briggs, E. C., Kisiel, C. L., Layne, C. M., Ake III, G. S., Ko, S. J., ... & Fairbank, J. A. (2011). Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Child Welfare, 90(6), 91-108.
2. Jee, S. H., Conn, A. M., Szilagyi, P. G., Blumkin, A., Baldwin, C. D., & Szilagyi, M. A. (2010). Identification of social‐emotional problems among young children in foster care. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(12), 1351-1358.
3. Narendorf, S. C., & McMillen, J. C. (2010). Substance use and substance use disorders as foster youth transition to adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(1), 113-119.
4. Sullivan, M. J., Jones, L., & Mathiesen, S. (2010). School change, academic progress, and behavior problems in a sample of foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(2), 164-170.
5. Wiik, K. L., Loman, M. M., Van Ryzin, M. J., Armstrong, J. M., Essex, M. J., Pollak, S. D., & Gunnar, M. R. (2011). Behavioral and emotional symptoms of post‐institutionalized children in middle childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(1), 56-63.
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第16週 |
6/15 |
第16週：寄養安置議題 (IV)：永續計畫（Permanency planning）
說明：討論寄養安置兒童的永續計畫選項，包括返家（reunification）、收養（adoption）、親屬監護權（guardianship）等。從兒童最佳利益觀點檢視各選項的優缺點，探討「後安置」時期兒童的發展與福祉。
指定閱讀：
1. López, M., Del Valle, J. F., Montserrat, C., & Bravo, A. (2013). Factors associated with family reunification for children in foster care. Child & Family Social Work, 18(2), 226-236.
2. Cheng, T. C. (2010). Factors associated with reunification: A longitudinal analysis of long-term foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1311-1316.
3. Zhang, Y., & Lee, G. R. (2011). Intercountry versus transracial adoption: Analysis of adoptive parents’ motivations and preferences in adoption. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1), 75-98.
延伸閱讀：
1. Akin, B. A. (2011). Predictors of foster care exits to permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6), 999-1011.
2. Baden, A. L., Treweeke, L. M., & Ahluwalia, M. K. (2012). Reclaiming culture: Reculturation of transracial and international adoptees. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(4), 387-399.
3. McWey, L. M., Acock, A., & Porter, B. E. (2010). The impact of continued contact with biological parents upon the mental health of children in foster care. Children and youth services review, 32(10), 1338-1345.
4. Padilla, J. B., Vargas, J. H., & Chavez, H. L. (2010). Influence of age on transracial foster adoptions and its relation to ethnic identity development. Adoption Quarterly, 13(1), 50-73.
5. Vandivere, S., & McKlindon, A. (2010). The well-being of US children adopted from foster care, privately from the United States and internationally. Adoption Quarterly, 13(3-4), 157-184.
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第17週 |
6/22 |
第17週：寄養安置議題 (IV)：國際兒童福利＆課程回顧與展望
說明：介紹各國兒童福利體系制度與執行。討論各國兒童福利制度與國際兒童權利公約之連結。探討兒童福利的跨國議題，如跨國領養、兒童販賣、難民等。
指定閱讀：
1. 吴鲁平、韩小雷（2006）。孤残儿童家庭寄养政策研究。中國青年研究，1，20-35。
2. 林沛君（2017）。兒少「表意權」實質意涵的初探－以被安置兒少發聲的權利為中心。台灣人權學刊，4 (1)，73-96。
3. Pinkerton, J. (2011). Constructing a global understanding of the social ecology of leaving out of home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), 2412-2416.
延伸閱讀：
1. Fernandez, E., & Atwool, N. (2013). Child protection and out of home care: Policy, practice, and research connections Australia and New Zealand. Psychosocial Intervention, 22(3), 175-184.
2. Khoo, E., Skoog, V., & Dalin, R. (2012). In and out of care. A profile and analysis of children in the out-of-home care system in Sweden. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 900-907.
3. McDowall, J. J. (2013). Experiencing out-of-home care in Australia. The views of children and young people (CREATE Report Card 2013). Sydney: CREATE Foundation.
4. Mulcahy, M., & Trocmé, N. (2010). Children and youth in out-of-home care in Canada. CECW Information Sheet, 78.
5. Thoburn, J. (2010). Achieving safety, stability and belonging for children in out-of-home care. The search for 'what works' across national boundaries. International Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 12(1-2), 34-48.
6. Whittaker, J. K., & Maluccio, A. N. (2002). Rethinking “child placement”: A reflective essay. Social Service Review, 76(1), 108-134.
7. Yemm, L. M. (2010). International adoption and the best interests of the child: Reality and reactionism in Romania and Guatemala. Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev., 9, 555-574.
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